Illustration has been an important feature of medical documentation since the time of Vesalius and thus has a long history. However, the first application of photography to medicine appears in 1840, when Alfred Donné of Paris photographed sections of bones, teeth, and red blood cells using an instrument called the microscope-daguerreotype. Conventional medical photography apparently began in France when J. G. F. Baillarger photographed cretins (1851), which was followed by a Dr. Behrendt of Berlin photographing his orthopedic cases in 1852, and in the same year by Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond photographing mental patients at the Surrey County Asylum in England.
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), countless photographs were made of wounds; these photographs are preserved at the National Library of Medicine, Washington, D.C. In 1861 Jacob Gantz made stereoscopic photographs for T. Billroth at the Chirurgical Clinic in Zurich. J. N. Germack made photographs through the endoscope (1862), and the human retina was photographed by William Thomas Jackman and J. D. Webster in 1885.
A new era in medical photography occurred when E. J. Muybridge synthesized motion studies (chronophotog-raphy) of humans and animals (1877–1893), which greatly stimulated other investigators in medical photography, and the French physician Étienne-Jules Marey endeavored to analyze human and animal motion by serial photographic studies (1882) and devised a chronophotographic apparatus and projector (1890), which was the forerunner of the modern motion-picture camera. By the turn of the century, applications were too numerous to mention, but in 1927 R. P. Loveland made a medical teaching film using cinephot-omicrography, demonstrating the life history of the yellow fever mosquito, and in 1929 F. Neumann in Germany made a time-lapse film of living bacteria.
The first medical publications illustrated with photographs were Album de Photographies Pathologiques and Mecanisme de la Physiologie Humaine (1862) by G. B. Duchenne, the founder of electrotherapy. The Photographic Review of Medicine and Surgery (1870), by F. F. Muary and L.A. Duhring, was the first medical journal illustrated with photographs. Albert Londe in 1888 published a book, La Photographie Moderne , containing information on medical photography and also the first book specifically devoted to medical photography, La Photographie Medicale in 1893.
Read more: Medical Photography - Introduction, A Brief History of, The Medical Photographer, in Practice http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/1156/Medical-Photography.html#ixzz0ik6qT0yA
